How is media audience measured?
Media audience measurement audience measurement Quantitative study of the frequency of use of media. Find out more relies on precise technologies such as watermarking watermarking The technology used in television and radio audience measurement. Watermarking consists of inserting an (audio) tag into broadcasts that is inaudible to the human ear. This tag identifies the channel airing the programme, as well as regular markers of the broadcast time. Audience meters installed in panellist homes detect these signals. Find out more , people meters, and metering software. Thanks to representative representative A sample is said to be representative when it has been generated via a representative draw, meaning that each individual in the population had a non-zero probability of being selected. Representativeness relates to the sample and not to a unit of the population. It is not synonymous with a proportional sample or a "reduced model" of the population studied. In survey theory, it has been demonstrated that an optimal sampling strategy consists of organising the sample according to the variables that are most correlated to the subject of the study. Find out more panels, TV, radio, and Internet consumption is analyzed and then projected daily to the entire population population The universe of a survey composed of basic statistical units. These units may be physical persons, households, companies, municipalities, etc. The population serves as a sampling frame for selecting a sample, and as a basis for calculation of the extrapolations from the sample. Find out more .
To answer this crucial question question An inquiry posed in the same way to all participants in the same survey, with the goal of obtaining answers of the same nature. We distinguish closed questions whose responses are chosen from the options provided (scales, yes / no, classification options, etc.), from open-ended questions for which no answer categories are offered. In the latter case, the spontaneous answer of the interviewee is gathered. Find out more , we opened our doors to the famous Jamy Gourmaud!
How does it work?
Media audience measurement audience measurement Quantitative study of the frequency of use of media. Find out more is the set of technical and methodological processes used to quantify and analyze the public's consumption of audiovisual broadcasts (television, radio) and digital digital A signal is said to be digital if it can be represented by a series of discrete values that can be coded in binary as either 0 or 1. It is the opposite of analogue signal. Digital broadcasting has become the primary mode for television broadcasting, whether by cable, satellite, or even terrestrial. Find out more media (Internet, video platforms). It relies on the continuous tracking tracking Activity which aims to measure the profile of a visitor to a website, their browsing path, interests, origin in the network, etc., in order to tailor content to them. Find out more of representative representative A sample is said to be representative when it has been generated via a representative draw, meaning that each individual in the population had a non-zero probability of being selected. Representativeness relates to the sample and not to a unit of the population. It is not synonymous with a proportional sample or a "reduced model" of the population studied. In survey theory, it has been demonstrated that an optimal sampling strategy consists of organising the sample according to the variables that are most correlated to the subject of the study. Find out more samples (panels) of voluntary users, the automatic capture of signals or browsing behavior, and the statistical processing processing Means any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction Find out more of the collected data data Digital data Find out more to project it on a national scale.
TV and radio audience measurement audience measurement Quantitative study of the frequency of use of media. Find out more
TV and radio measurement relies on a combination of audio identification technologies and individual measurement tools.
Program tagging via watermarking watermarking The technology used in television and radio audience measurement. Watermarking consists of inserting an (audio) tag into broadcasts that is inaudible to the human ear. This tag identifies the channel airing the programme, as well as regular markers of the broadcast time. Audience meters installed in panellist homes detect these signals. Find out more
To identify the content being consumed, an audio watermark is inserted into the audio stream. This is a sound signal, inaudible to the human ear, emitted directly by the TV set or broadcasting source. This watermark is unique and specific to each broadcast broadcast A mode of transmission whereby a transmitter sends the same audio and video stream to many receivers within a coverage area. In the context of computer networks, broadcast mode is contrasted with “multicast” and “unicast” modes, which respectively refer to the transmission of a stream to a given group of recipient devices and to a single recipient device. OR : Putting a show or a programme on television or radio. This term refers to a programme that is broadcast live as opposed to on-demand. Find out more program.
People meters: TV boxes and smartwatches
Audience Audience The set of listeners, viewers, or TV viewers in which each individual is equally weighted, regardless of their listening/viewing duration or frequency of contact. Find out more tracking tracking Activity which aims to measure the profile of a visitor to a website, their browsing path, interests, origin in the network, etc., in order to tailor content to them. Find out more relies on dedicated devices called people meters (or audimètres):
- The in-home TV box: Installed on the back of TV sets in 5,000 households (making up a panel panel A sample from which information is collected over time. It can be questioned several times at regular intervals. This method is pertinent for studying changes in behaviour. The sample can be questioned continuously: - either: each individual in the panel is asked to fill in a daily questionnaire relating to the subject of the study. This is the case for the Radio panel. - or the information is recorded and returned regularly. This is the case for the Médiamat panel. This method is pertinent for understanding behavioural patterns and their changes if the panel lasts long enough. Find out more of about 12,000 people who are representative representative A sample is said to be representative when it has been generated via a representative draw, meaning that each individual in the population had a non-zero probability of being selected. Representativeness relates to the sample and not to a unit of the population. It is not synonymous with a proportional sample or a "reduced model" of the population studied. In survey theory, it has been demonstrated that an optimal sampling strategy consists of organising the sample according to the variables that are most correlated to the subject of the study. Find out more of the French population population The universe of a survey composed of basic statistical units. These units may be physical persons, households, companies, municipalities, etc. The population serves as a sampling frame for selecting a sample, and as a basis for calculation of the extrapolations from the sample. Find out more and have given their consent consent Any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject's wishes through which he or she, by a statement or by a clear affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of personal data relating to him or her. It is one of the six legal bases provided for by the GDPR. Find out more ). As soon as it detects a watermark, the box instantly recognizes the program being watched or listened to.
- The smartwatch (out-of-home and radio listening): To measure consumption outside the home (cafés, waiting rooms, public transport), a panel of 5,500 representative people wears a smartwatch capable of identifying watermarks. This individual people meter meter Measurement software installed on computers, smartphones or tablets of panellists in order to collect, with their consent, all of their surfing paths on computers, mobiles or tablets making it possible to produce the Internet audience measurement. Find out more is also used to measure radio station audiences.
Telephone surveys for radio
In addition to the data data Digital data Find out more collected by the smartwatch, radio audience measurement includes a telephone survey survey A statistical method that aims to produce information about a population by interviewing part of the population (sample). This word is generally used to mean a survey conducted on a sample that have been interviewed using a questionnaire or else systematically observed. Find out more . This is conducted every year in France with a sample sample A subset of the population studied, selected in accordance with a sampling plan, and subject to the collection of information. Find out more of 100,000 people.
Internet and video platform audience measurement
To measure traffic on the Internet and video platforms, the technical setup differs from traditional media.
How meter software works
Digital Digital A signal is said to be digital if it can be represented by a series of discrete values that can be coded in binary as either 0 or 1. It is the opposite of analogue signal. Digital broadcasting has become the primary mode for television broadcasting, whether by cable, satellite, or even terrestrial. Find out more measurement uses specific tracking software simply called a meter. This system automatically tracks the entire online browsing activity of a panel of 20,000 internet users. This group is also made up of volunteers who are representative of the population.
Data processing processing Means any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction Find out more , extrapolation extrapolation In surveys, extrapolation means generalising any result observed in a sample onto the population. The target extrapolated value means the number of individuals in the population for that particular target. Find out more , and publication of results
All the data collected daily by the people meters (boxes and watches) and the meter software undergoes centralized processing:
- Centralization and analysis: Viewing, listening, and browsing data is gathered every night.
- Extrapolation: The behaviors observed across the various panels (12,000 people for TV, 5,500 for out-of-home/radio, 20,000 for the Internet) are extrapolated (projected) every night to the entire French population.
- Publication: The final audience figures for the previous day are delivered every morning at 9:00 AM.